{"id":2116,"date":"2026-09-25T00:23:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T22:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enfanceafrique.org\/?page_id=2116"},"modified":"2026-09-30T01:29:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T23:29:20","slug":"diagnostic-anthropologique-prealable","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/enfanceafrique.org\/en\/diagnostic-anthropologique-prealable\/","title":{"rendered":"Preliminary Anthropological Diagnosis"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Diagnostic Anthropologique Pr\u00e9alable<\/span><\/h1>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Comprendre avant d’agir \u2014 ancrer chaque intervention dans les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s socioculturelles du terrain<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00ab Comprendre une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avant de vouloir la transformer \u00bb<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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R\u00e9sum\u00e9 ex\u00e9cutif<\/h2>\n

Le R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org \/ AMAPISE propose un positionnement in\u00e9dit dans l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la protection de l’enfance en Afrique de l’Ouest : celui du pont m\u00e9thodologique entre la recherche ethnographique publi\u00e9e et valid\u00e9e scientifiquement, et les dispositifs op\u00e9rationnels de coordination, d’assistance et de plaidoyer d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l’\u0153uvre sur le terrain. Ce document pr\u00e9sente le Diagnostic Anthropologique Pr\u00e9alable, une prestation d’expertise destin\u00e9e aux organisations non gouvernementales, aux agences bailleurs et aux institutions publiques ou sous-r\u00e9gionales souhaitant ancrer leurs interventions dans une compr\u00e9hension fine et scientifiquement valid\u00e9e des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s communautaires locales.<\/p>\n

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1. Le constat \u2014 un angle mort persistant<\/h2>\n

En Afrique de l’Ouest, la protection de l’enfance repose sur deux familles d’acteurs bien \u00e9tablies. D’une part, de grands r\u00e9seaux de coordination op\u00e9rationnelle organisent la prise en charge des cas \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle r\u00e9gionale, avec une couverture g\u00e9ographique large et une exp\u00e9rience institutionnelle solide. D’autre part, les agences internationales produisent un cadrage normatif et des donn\u00e9es de plaidoyer \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle continentale. Ces deux familles d’acteurs jouent un r\u00f4le indispensable. Mais aucune d’elles n’est structur\u00e9e, dans son fonctionnement courant, pour produire en amont de l’action une lecture anthropologique fine des logiques sociales, coutumi\u00e8res et religieuses qui d\u00e9terminent la fa\u00e7on dont une communaut\u00e9 re\u00e7oit, interpr\u00e8te, accepte ou r\u00e9siste \u00e0 une intervention ext\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n

Ce cha\u00eenon manquant expose des programmes techniquement robustes et bien financ\u00e9s \u00e0 un risque r\u00e9current, rarement document\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on syst\u00e9matique : celui de proposer des r\u00e9ponses pertinentes sur le papier, mais peu audibles sur le terrain, faute d’ancrage dans les autorit\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes et les pratiques r\u00e9ellement reconnues par la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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2. Notre positionnement \u2014 le pont entre recherche et action<\/h2>\n

Le R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org occupe une place singuli\u00e8re dans cet \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. Port\u00e9 par une recherche ethnographique de terrain publi\u00e9e dans des revues scientifiques index\u00e9es (HAL) et relay\u00e9e dans la presse de vulgarisation internationale (The Conversation, reprises institutionnelles Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d’Azur), et soumis au regard critique de son Conseil Scientifique International, le R\u00e9seau ne se substitue ni aux dispositifs de coordination existants, ni aux agences de plaidoyer. Il en constitue le compl\u00e9ment m\u00e9thodologique, en traduisant la compr\u00e9hension fine des dynamiques communautaires en un outil directement mobilisable par les praticiens et les d\u00e9cideurs.<\/p>\n

C’est cette articulation \u2014 rigueur scientifique publi\u00e9e et v\u00e9rifiable, d’un c\u00f4t\u00e9 ; utilit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle imm\u00e9diate, de l’autre \u2014 qui distingue le R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org de tout autre acteur du secteur.<\/p>\n

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3. Un positionnement sans \u00e9quivalent direct<\/h2>\n

Le tableau ci-dessous synth\u00e9tise, de fa\u00e7on volontairement simplifi\u00e9e, la position du R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org par rapport aux deux grandes familles d’acteurs pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es plus haut. Il ne s’agit pas d’une hi\u00e9rarchisation, mais d’une mise en \u00e9vidence de la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 r\u00e9elle entre ces approches.<\/p>\n

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Dimension\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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R\u00e9seaux de coordination op\u00e9rationnelle<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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Agence Internationnale de plaidoyer<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org : Oui \u2014 universitaires internationaux<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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\u00c9chelle g\u00e9ographique<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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R\u00e9gionale, multi-pays<\/p>\n

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Continentale<\/p>\n

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Locale et cibl\u00e9e, transposable<\/p>\n

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Production scientifique publi\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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Non<\/p>\n

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Rapports institutionnels<\/p>\n

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Oui \u2014 revues index\u00e9es, HAL<\/p>\n

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Lecture anthropologique de terrain<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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Non structur\u00e9e<\/p>\n

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Non structur\u00e9e<\/p>\n

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C\u0153ur de l’expertise<\/p>\n

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Validation par un comit\u00e9 scientifique<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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Non<\/p>\n

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Variable<\/p>\n

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Oui \u2014 Conseil Scientifique International<\/p>\n

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<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Livrable actionnable pour un programme<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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Oui, orient\u00e9 gestion de cas<\/p>\n

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Oui, orient\u00e9 politique publique<\/p>\n

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Oui, orient\u00e9 conception de programme<\/p>\n

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<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Ancrage universitaire international <\/strong><\/h4>\n

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Non<\/p>\n

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Non, sauf partenariats ponctuels<\/p>\n

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Oui \u2014 universitaires internationaux<\/p>\n

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4. Qu’est-ce que le Diagnostic Anthropologique Pr\u00e9alable ?<\/h2>\n

Le Diagnostic Anthropologique Pr\u00e9alable est une prestation d’expertise courte, conduite en amont ou en tout d\u00e9but de mise en \u0153uvre d’un programme, qui produit une lecture anthropologique structur\u00e9e du contexte local d’intervention. Il ne remplace pas une \u00e9valuation de besoins classique : il l’\u00e9claire d’une dimension qu’elle laisse le plus souvent dans l’ombre \u2014 celle des autorit\u00e9s l\u00e9gitimes reconnues par la communaut\u00e9, des pratiques traditionnelles en jeu (confiage, mobilit\u00e9 de l’enfant, m\u00e9diation), et des logiques culturelles et modalit\u00e9s d’adh\u00e9sion communautaire \u00e0 prendre en compte pour qu’une intervention par ailleurs bien con\u00e7ue rencontre une r\u00e9elle appropriation locale.<\/p>\n

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5. \u00c0 qui s’adresse ce diagnostic<\/h2>\n

Organisations non gouvernementales op\u00e9rationnelles concevant ou d\u00e9ployant un programme de protection de l’enfance, de coh\u00e9sion sociale ou d’action sociale dans une zone qu’elles connaissent peu<\/p>\n

Agences et bailleurs institutionnels souhaitant s\u00e9curiser l’ancrage local d’un financement avant son d\u00e9ploiement<\/p>\n

Institutions \u00e9tatiques et sous-r\u00e9gionales engag\u00e9es dans une r\u00e9forme ou un dispositif touchant les pratiques traditionnelles de l’enfance<\/p>\n

R\u00e9seaux de coordination existants, d\u00e9sireux de renforcer la dimension socioculturelle de leurs interventions sans d\u00e9velopper cette expertise en interne<\/p>\n

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6. M\u00e9thodologie et garanties de rigueur<\/h2>\n

1. Cadrage conjoint \u2014 d\u00e9finition pr\u00e9cise, avec le commanditaire, du territoire, des acteurs et des questions \u00e0 \u00e9clairer.<\/p>\n

2. Enqu\u00eate de terrain cibl\u00e9e \u2014 entretiens et observation directe conduits selon un protocole de recherche \u00e9tabli, avec consentement \u00e9clair\u00e9 syst\u00e9matique, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Politique d’Usage d’Image des Mineurs et \u00e0 la Politique PSEA du R\u00e9seau.<\/p>\n

3. Validation scientifique \u2014 les conclusions du diagnostic sont soumises au regard du Conseil Scientifique International avant restitution, garantissant leur rigueur m\u00e9thodologique.<\/p>\n

4. Restitution op\u00e9rationnelle \u2014 les r\u00e9sultats sont livr\u00e9s sous une forme directement exploitable par des \u00e9quipes de terrain, non sous la forme d’un rapport acad\u00e9mique long et peu actionnable.<\/p>\n

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7. Ce que le commanditaire en retire concr\u00e8tement<\/h2>\n

Une note de diagnostic identifiant les autorit\u00e9s et logiques traditionnelles pertinentes pour la zone concern\u00e9e<\/p>\n

Des recommandations op\u00e9rationnelles directement transposables en ajustement de programme<\/p>\n

Un support de sensibilisation \u00e0 destination des \u00e9quipes de terrain<\/p>\n

La possibilit\u00e9 d’un accompagnement continu pendant la mise en \u0153uvre, sur demande<\/p>\n

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8. Une expertise compl\u00e9mentaire, pas concurrente<\/h2>\n

Le R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org ne cherche pas \u00e0 se substituer aux grands dispositifs de coordination et d’assistance d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l’\u0153uvre en Afrique de l’Ouest, dont l’ampleur et l’ancrage r\u00e9gional constituent un acquis pr\u00e9cieux pour la protection de l’enfance. Son ambition est de mettre la rigueur de la recherche anthropologique au service de leur efficacit\u00e9, en leur donnant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une lecture fine des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s locales qu’ils n’ont, le plus souvent, pas vocation \u00e0 produire eux-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Comprendre localement, pour agir globalement plus justement.<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Contact<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Dr Drahmane Fondo \u2014 Fondateur, R\u00e9seau EnfanceAfrique.org \/ AMAPISE
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Chercheur associ\u00e9, LIRCES (UPR 3159), Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d’Azur<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 contact@enfanceafrique.org | +223 93 88 55 69 | enfanceafrique.org<\/p>\n

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